Guide

Care after whelping

The first weeks after birth are when the mother and puppies are most at risk. Here is what to do, what is normal, and what needs a vet.

Updated October 2026 · Information only, not veterinary advice

The first 24 hours

  • Check that every puppy is warm, breathing well and nursing within the first hours.
  • Keep the whelping area warm and quiet. Limit visitors.
  • Offer her water and small meals. Remove soiled bedding and replace it.
  • Book a vet check for the mother and the litter, ideally within 24 hours.

What is normal, and what is not

NormalCall your vet
Dark green, red-brown or bloody discharge, lessening over weeksFoul smell, pus, bright red heavy bleeding, or a sudden rise in discharge
Tired, protective, eating more and drinking a lotFever, refusing food, vomiting or acting dull
Quiet, warm puppies that nurse and sleepA puppy that cries constantly, is cold, limp or loses weight
Mammary glands full and slightly firmHot, hard, red or painful glands, or discolored milk

Emergency signs in the mother

  • Restlessness, panting, stiff or wobbly walking, muscle tremors or seizures (possible eclampsia).
  • A retained placenta or puppy: fever, lethargy, foul discharge or straining after birth.
  • Heavy bleeding that does not slow, or collapse.

Questions

Frequently asked questions

How long does a dog bleed after giving birth?

Dark green, red-brown or bloody discharge, called lochia, is normal for up to three to six weeks, getting lighter over time. It should not smell foul or be bright red and heavy.

Should I take the mother and puppies to the vet after birth?

Yes. A check within 24 hours, ideally, makes sure no puppy or placenta is retained and the puppies are healthy.

What is eclampsia in dogs?

A sudden drop in blood calcium in a nursing mother, most often two to three weeks after whelping. It causes restlessness, panting, stiff walking, tremors and seizures, and it is an emergency.

How much should a nursing dog eat?

A lot more than usual. Many nursing mothers need two to three times their normal amount, which a good puppy food, offered often, usually covers. Ask your vet for a plan for her size and litter.

When should the puppies be weighed?

Daily for the first two weeks, then every few days. Use the puppy weight tracker.

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